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Related Experiment Videos

Morphologic changes in the TMJ following splint wear.

Betty J Sindelar1, Stan Edwards, Susan W Herring

  • 1School of Physical Therapy, Grover Center, Rm W295, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA. sindelar@ohio.edu

The Anatomical Record
|March 1, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Intraoral splints may cause temporomandibular joint (TMJ) damage. Prolonged splint wear in pigs led to disc thickening and bone defects in the jaw, indicating potential TMJ remodeling and injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Science
  • Orthodontics
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Intraoral splints are common dental devices that modify the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle-disc-fossa relationship.
  • The TMJ disc's collagen fibers are crucial for resisting tensile loading, with orientation presumed to reflect functional forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of intraoral splint wear on TMJ morphology.
  • Specifically examining alterations in the collagen orientation of the intra-articular disc.

Main Methods:

  • Young adult female miniature pigs were allocated into three groups: open-bite splint, protrusive-bite splint, and control.
  • Splints were worn for two months, followed by histological and stereological analysis of TMJ discs and cleaned skulls.

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Main Results:

  • No significant changes in skull dimensions were observed.
  • Protrusive splint wear resulted in increased posterior disc band thickness (P < 0.015) and minor collagen orientation changes in the anterior band.
  • Half of the splinted animals exhibited degenerative osseous defects on the medial mandibular condyle.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged intraoral splint use can induce significant remodeling of TMJ tissues.
  • These changes include disc alterations and potentially severe osseous injury, highlighting risks associated with long-term splint therapy.