Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Critical processing factors affecting rheological behavior of a wax based formulation.

W Phuapradit1, N H Shah, Y Lou

  • 1Pharmaceutical and Analytical R&D, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
|March 7, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Controlling shear and cooling rates is crucial for wax-based drug formulations. These factors significantly impact viscosity, ensuring consistent drug content and capsule quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prenatal diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma: implications for predicting tuberous sclerosis complex and guiding perinatal management.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2026
Same author

[Analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in Hangzhou City, 2023-2024].

Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]·2026
Same author

Opioid Prescribing by US Dentists and Dental Specialists after Continuing Education.

JDR clinical and translational research·2026
Same author

Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas Defines Molecular Subtypes.

Journal of dental research·2026
Same author

Long-Range Transverse-Momentum Correlations and Radial Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Aniridia-associated keratopathy: Clinical and molecular mechanisms of disease progression and emerging therapeutic targets.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Wax-based vehicles stabilize drugs prone to hydrolysis and oxidation.
  • Uniform viscosity is essential for reproducible drug content and encapsulability in soft gelatin capsules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify critical processing factors influencing the rheological behavior of wax-based vehicles.
  • To understand how temperature, shear rate, and cooling rate affect vehicle viscosity.

Main Methods:

  • Rheological evaluation using a CSL Rheometer with parallel plates.
  • Shear rate sweeps and viscosity-temperature profiles at varying cooling rates (1.3–20 °C/min).
  • Analysis of phase transitions (sol, gel-sol, gel) via Arrhenius plots.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Three distinct phase regions identified: sol (>50 °C), gel-sol (30–45 °C), and gel (<30 °C).
  • Newtonian behavior in the sol region; thixotropic behavior (hysteresis loop) in the gel region.
  • Cooling rate significantly impacts viscosity due to wax recrystallization; faster cooling leads to higher viscosity.

Conclusions:

  • Shear rate and cooling rate are critical processing parameters for controlling final product viscosity.
  • Precise control of these factors is necessary for consistent pharmaceutical manufacturing of wax-based formulations.