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Chemoprevention of human skin cancer
Janine G Einspahr1, Steven P Stratton, G Timothy Bowden
1Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515, North Campbell Avenue, Tucson 85724, USA. jeinspahr@azcc.arizona.edu
Abstract:
The incidence of skin cancer has been rising in recent years with significant effects on public health. Primary prevention has proven inadequate in impacting the incidence of skin cancer, thus stimulating the development of chemopreventive strategies. The majority of skin cancer chemoprevention studies focus on occurrence of new nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in individuals with a previous NMSC, or on reduction in the number of premalignant skin lesions such as actinic keratoses (AK). Dysplastic nevi, a likely precursor of melanoma, are also potential targets for chemoprevention strategies. Premalignant lesions are especially attractive as endpoints since they are more common than frank cancer, resulting in reduced sample size, length, and cost of clinical trials. Development of new agents that affect the pathogenesis of skin cancer will be discussed, from elucidation of molecular targets to implementation of trials designed to determine the effects of chemopreventive interventions on human skin cancer.
Insights
Rising skin cancer rates necessitate chemopreventive strategies. Research focuses on new agents targeting skin cancer development, particularly premalignant lesions like actinic keratoses (AK) and dysplastic nevi.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and Oncology
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research
Background:
- Increasing incidence of skin cancer poses a significant public health challenge.
- Traditional primary prevention methods are insufficient to curb rising skin cancer rates.
- Chemoprevention emerges as a crucial strategy to mitigate skin cancer development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the development of novel chemopreventive agents for skin cancer.
- To discuss the identification of molecular targets in skin cancer pathogenesis.
- To outline the implementation of clinical trials for chemopreventive interventions.
Main Methods:
- Focus on chemoprevention targeting nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and premalignant lesions.
- Utilizing premalignant lesions (actinic keratoses, dysplastic nevi) as clinical trial endpoints.
- Investigating molecular targets and pathogenesis of skin cancer for agent development.
Main Results:
- Premalignant lesions are viable and cost-effective endpoints for chemoprevention trials.
- Development of new agents targeting skin cancer pathogenesis is advancing.
- Elucidation of molecular targets informs the design of chemopreventive interventions.
Conclusions:
- Chemoprevention offers a promising approach to combat rising skin cancer incidence.
- Targeting premalignant lesions can enhance the efficiency of clinical trials.
- Continued research into molecular targets and novel agents is vital for effective skin cancer prevention.