Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2026

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Left ventricular dysfunction in children with fulminant enterovirus 71 infection: an evaluation of the clinical

Fang-Liang Huang1, Sheng-Ling Jan, Po-Yen Chen

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 7, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 can lead to fatal shock syndrome. Rapid death in these cases is linked to severe heart dysfunction (cardiogenic shock), not lung issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a significant cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
  • EV71 infections can lead to severe neurological complications and mortality.
  • Fulminant shock syndrome is a rare but devastating complication of EV71 infection.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases of typical HFMD caused by EV71 are presented.
  • Both patients developed acute fulminant shock syndrome.
  • Remarkable acute left ventricular dysfunction was observed in both cases.

Findings:

  • The fatal outcome in one patient was associated with acute fulminant shock syndrome.
  • Severe left ventricular dysfunction was a prominent feature in the affected children.
  • The clinical course suggests cardiogenic shock as the primary cause of rapid death.

Implications:

  • This highlights the critical role of cardiac dysfunction in EV71-related mortality.
  • Distinguishing cardiogenic shock from neurogenic pulmonary edema is crucial for patient management.
  • Early recognition and management of cardiac complications may improve outcomes in severe EV71 infections.

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...