Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
09:03

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation

Published on: August 15, 2018

Apneas during sleep in infants: possible relationship with sudden infant death syndrome

C Guilleminault, R Peraita, M Souquet

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |November 14, 1975
    PubMed

    Insights

    Upper airway apnea in infants causes more severe oxygen drops and earlier, more serious heart issues compared to central apnea. This finding is crucial for understanding infant breathing problems and sudden infant death syndrome risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal physiology
    • Pediatric respiratory medicine
    • Cardiology

    Background:

    • Infant apnea, including central apnea and upper airway apnea, is a concern in premature infants and those surviving breathing-stoppage events.
    • These events may be linked to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the physiological effects of upper airway apnea versus central apnea in infants.
    • To elucidate the differential impact on oxygen saturation and cardiac function.

    Main Methods:

    • Observational study comparing infant apnea types.
    • Monitoring of oxygen saturation levels.
    • Assessment of secondary cardiac changes.

    Main Results:

    • Upper airway apnea leads to more significant oxygen desaturation than central apnea of comparable duration.
    • Secondary cardiac alterations manifest earlier and are more severe in cases of upper airway apnea.

    Conclusions:

    • Upper airway apnea presents a greater physiological challenge in infants compared to central apnea.
    • Findings highlight the critical importance of identifying apnea type for risk assessment and management in infants, particularly concerning SIDS.

    More Related Videos

    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus06:15

    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

    Published on: March 6, 2019

    A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation10:55

    A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation

    Published on: January 13, 2023

    Related Concept Videos

    Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

    Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

    Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
    Alterations in Respiration II01:30

    Alterations in Respiration II

    There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
    In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
    Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:17

    Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

    Breathing is primarily an involuntary activity regulated by the brainstem respiratory centers. However, it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to hold our breath or take deeper breaths when needed. This voluntary control is facilitated by the cerebral motor cortex, which bypasses the medullary centers to stimulate the respiratory muscles directly.
    However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical level,...
    Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

    Acute Respiratory Failure-III

    Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
    Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

    Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

    Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
    Sleep Apnea01:21

    Sleep Apnea

    Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
    The condition is more prevalent among...