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The development of explicit memory for basic perceptual features.

Michelle Gulya1, Alba Rossi-George, Kristin Hartshorn

  • 1Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|March 9, 2002
PubMed
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Age impacts explicit memory differently based on what is remembered and how. Memory for items, colors, and locations changes uniquely across the lifespan, not following a single pattern.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Explicit memory, the conscious recollection of information, is crucial for daily functioning.
  • Understanding age-related changes in memory is vital for identifying cognitive health trajectories.
  • Previous research often assumes a uniform age-related memory decline, potentially overlooking feature-specific variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in explicit memory for distinct perceptual features: item identity, color, and location.
  • To determine if memory performance across the lifespan follows a consistent pattern for different features and tasks.
  • To challenge the notion of a universal inverted U-shaped memory function across age.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments involving 164 participants aged 4 to 80 years.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Incidental learning, gamelike task (Concentration) for Experiments 1-2.
  • Intentional learning, pencil-and-paper task for Experiment 3.
  • Assessed recognition memory for item identity, color, and location.

    • Main Results:

    • Item recognition was high across all ages but declined in older adults compared to children.
    • Color recognition performance peaked in late childhood during the gamelike task.
    • Location recognition performance peaked in early adulthood with the pencil-and-paper task.
    • The age-related memory function varied significantly depending on the perceptual feature and task type.

    Conclusions:

    • Explicit memory performance is not a consistent inverted U-shaped function of age across all features.
    • Age-related memory trajectories are feature-specific and task-dependent.
    • Composite measures of explicit memory may obscure distinct age-related patterns for individual features.