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Updated: Oct 2, 2026

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
Published on: October 26, 2020
Effects of gender on the renin-angiotensin system, blood pressure, and renal function
Amrit K Kang1, Judith A Miller
1Toronto General Hospital, 11EN-221, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4.
Abstract:
Recent studies have identified key gender differences in cardiovascular function, renal hemodynamics, and the renin-angiotensin system. Extensive epidemiologic evidence has shown a clear gender difference in cardiovascular and renal disease progression, whereby female sex appears to be protective. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown, but likely reflect the aforementioned sex differences in common pathophysiologic pathways. This review focuses on studies examining sex differences in these underlying pathways, which together may provide a plausible mechanism for the gender disparity in clinical outcomes.
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