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Skylab task and work performance (experiment M-151--time and motion study).

J F Kubis1, E J McLaughlin

  • 1Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.

Acta Astronautica
|March 1, 1975
PubMed
Summary
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Skylab astronauts rapidly adapted to zero-G, optimizing task performance within two inflight trials. Time and motion analysis revealed no behavioral stress from the Skylab environment, indicating successful crew adaptation.

Area of Science:

  • Human physiology and performance in space environments.
  • Space exploration and astronaut training.
  • Human factors engineering in microgravity.

Background:

  • Skylab crewmen's adaptation to the unique working and living conditions of the Skylab environment was studied.
  • Previous performance data from preflight training served as a baseline for comparison.
  • Behavioral stress effects associated with the space environment were a key area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze Skylab crewmen's adaptation to various inflight tasks using time and motion techniques.
  • To assess astronaut performance for behavioral stress indicators in the Skylab setting.
  • To evaluate the efficiency of task performance in microgravity compared to preflight conditions.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
NASA Experiment Number M092NASA Experiment Number M151NASA Experiment Number M171

Related Experiment Videos

  • Time and motion analytic techniques were employed to study inflight adaptation.
  • The adaptation function (performance time over task trials) was used to evaluate efficiency.
  • Preflight training data was used for comparison with inflight performance.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial inflight performance showed a substantial increase in task completion time compared to preflight.
    • Crewmen demonstrated rapid adjustment to the weightless environment, optimizing techniques for task performance.
    • By the second inflight trial, performance efficiency neared preflight levels, with more regular and less variable adaptation functions.
    • Effective control and translation of masses were achieved through developed body guidance and restraint systems.
    • No evidence of behavioral stress attributable to the Skylab environment was found.

    Conclusions:

    • Skylab crewmen adapted effectively and efficiently to the microgravity environment.
    • The adaptation function is sensitive to task and hardware variations and is more stable inflight.
    • Astronauts developed sophisticated methods for movement and object manipulation in space.
    • The Skylab environment did not induce significant behavioral stress effects on the crew.