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Flow system for fish freshness determination based on double multi-enzyme reactor electrodes
Hirokazu Okuma1, Etsuo Watanabe
1Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan. okuma@itakura.toyo.ac.jp
Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|March 13, 2002
Summary
A novel double reactor system rapidly determines fish and shellfish freshness using the K-value, a key indicator of spoilage. This method offers a quick, reproducible, and stable alternative to traditional techniques for assessing seafood quality.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Food Science
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Assessing seafood freshness is crucial for food safety and quality control.
- The K-value, derived from nucleotide degradation products, is a reliable indicator of fish and shellfish spoilage.
- Existing methods for K-value determination can be time-consuming and complex.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a rapid and reliable double reactor system for determining the K-value of fish and shellfish.
- To immobilize key enzymes for efficient and stable K-value measurement.
- To validate the performance of the developed system against established analytical methods.
Main Methods:
- A double reactor system was designed, incorporating enzyme reactors with immobilized enzymes (nucleoside phosphorylase, xanthine oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine deaminase) on chitosan beads.
- The system utilized an oxygen electrode for signal detection.
- K-values were calculated using the formula K=[(HxR+Hx)/(ATP+ADP+AMP+IMP+HxR+Hx)]x100.
- The developed system's results were compared with those obtained using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Main Results:
- The developed double reactor system demonstrated a good correlation with the HPLC method for K-value determination.
- Each assay could be completed within 5 minutes.
- The system exhibited good reproducibility, with a signal variation of within 2.3% for K-value determination.
- The enzyme reactors showed long-term stability when evaluated at 30°C for 28 days.
Conclusions:
- The developed double reactor system provides a fast, reproducible, and stable method for determining fish and shellfish freshness via K-value.
- This system offers a practical alternative to conventional methods for seafood quality assessment.
- The immobilized enzyme technology employed enhances the efficiency and reliability of the freshness determination process.