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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
Published on: January 21, 2018
Inflammatory patterns of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis
S E Sobol1, P Christodoulopoulos, Q A Hamid
1Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 2P2, Canada. Hamid@meakins.lan.mcgill.ca
Abstract:
Rhinitis is a chronic condition of the nasal mucosa that affects a large segment of the population. The symptoms of rhinitis occur in a variety of sinonasal conditions, which may be broadly classified as allergic (seasonal or perennial) or nonallergic (infectious or a number of noninfectious etiologies) based on the presence or absence of atopy. The cytokine profile and inflammatory patterns underlying these two conditions vary because of certain differences in their pathophysiology as discussed in this review.
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