[Children, fat and cardiovascular diseases].

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health

Background:

• Children typically do not develop atherosclerosis, but may exhibit reversible fatty streaks in the aorta.
• Early life dietary fat intake impacts blood lipids and vascular function, with unknown long-term consequences.
• Saturated fat offers no benefits and is linked to negative health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To inform dietary recommendations for infants and young children regarding fat intake.
• To provide guidance on reducing saturated fat consumption from 12 months of age.

Main Methods:

• Review of current nutritional guidelines and scientific literature on early life fat intake.
• Analysis of the impact of dietary fat on pediatric blood lipids and vascular health.

Main Results:

• Dietary fat influences blood lipids and vascular function in early childhood.
• Saturated fat intake should be limited to 10% of energy from 12 months onwards.
• Semi-skimmed milk is recommended over full-cream milk after 12 months.

Conclusions:

• Reducing saturated fat intake in children from 12 months is advisable.
• Adequate fat intake, with added fats, is crucial during the first year for growth.
• Dietary fat management in early life is important for potential long-term cardiovascular health.