Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Structure of Blood Vessels01:15

Structure of Blood Vessels

Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...
Veins01:17

Veins

Veins are an integral part of our circulatory system, serving as the blood vessels that transport blood from all body regions to the heart. They are a network of hollow tubes that carry blood low in oxygen from the body's cells back to the heart for reoxygenation. Veins are crucial for maintaining the body's overall fluid balance and the continuous circulation of blood.
Structure of Veins:
The structure of veins is specifically designed to assist in the low-pressure transportation of blood...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

Veins of Upper Limbs

The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Occurrence of hemorrhage or radiological progression of residual cerebral arteriovenous malformations after incomplete surgical resection.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2026
Same author

Prognostic Nuances in the Microsurgical Resection of Arteriovenous Malformations in Areas of Critical Brain Function: A 25-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Towards Improved Outcomes for Cavernous Malformations of the Brainstem and Other "Critical" Function Brain Regions.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke: neuroimaging approaches and evidence from a systematic review.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Prevalence of Systemic Hypertension and the Effects of Cerebral Revascularization in Patients With Moyamoya Disease.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Cavernous Sinus Exenteration for Invasive Mucormycosis: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
13:07

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Published on: January 15, 2022

Arteriovenous malformations.

Ian G Fleetwood1, Gary K Steinberg

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5327, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 19, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular defects affecting 0.01-0.50% of people, often presenting with hemorrhage or seizures. Advances in treatment offer effective multidisciplinary options for these complex vascular lesions.

More Related Videos

Particle Image Velocimetry Investigation of Hemodynamics via Aortic Phantom
06:26

Particle Image Velocimetry Investigation of Hemodynamics via Aortic Phantom

Published on: February 25, 2022

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
03:40

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting

Published on: January 17, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
13:07

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Published on: January 15, 2022

Particle Image Velocimetry Investigation of Hemodynamics via Aortic Phantom
06:26

Particle Image Velocimetry Investigation of Hemodynamics via Aortic Phantom

Published on: February 25, 2022

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
03:40

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting

Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital vascular lesions affecting 0.01-0.50% of the population, typically in patients aged 20-40 years.
  • Clinical presentations include hemorrhage, seizures, progressive neurological deficit, or headache, with a yearly hemorrhage rate of 1-4%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), including their natural history, clinical presentation, and recent treatment advancements.
  • To highlight the evolving multidisciplinary approaches and emerging theories on AVM embryogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of natural history studies on AVM hemorrhage rates and risk factors.
  • Analysis of recent therapeutic advancements, including endovascular embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, and microsurgery.
  • Discussion of associated flow-related aneurysms and recurrent AVMs.

Main Results:

  • The annual hemorrhage rate for brain AVMs is 1-4%, with increased rebleeding risk over time.
  • Despite substantial morbidity, associated hemorrhage complications may be less severe than previously estimated.
  • Multidisciplinary treatments have improved outcomes for previously untreatable AVMs.

Conclusions:

  • Modern endovascular, radiosurgical, and microsurgical techniques enable effective treatment of brain AVMs.
  • Further research into AVM embryogenesis and proliferative potential may offer new insights.
  • Management of flow-related aneurysms is an increasingly important aspect of AVM care.