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Shima drinking water--a bacteriological analysis.

P S Grover¹, K Thakur

¹Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

The Journal of Communicable Diseases

|March 20, 2002

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A year-long study found most natural water sources unsafe for consumption due to bacterial contamination. Piped water supplies, however, generally maintained good quality, indicating effective treatment and distribution.

Area of Science:

Environmental microbiology
Public health microbiology

Background:

Assessing drinking water quality is crucial for public health.
Bacterial indicators are vital for monitoring water safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To bacteriologically evaluate the quality of piped water supplies and natural water sources over one year.
To identify the prevalence of key bacterial indicators in different water types.

Main Methods:

Monthly analysis of 300 water samples (60 piped, 240 natural).
Detection of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus faecalis using the most probable number (MPN) method.
Isolation of Clostridium perfringens via litmus milk medium and Salmonella typhi using membrane filtration.

Main Results:

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Piped water: Generally good quality, with only one sample unfit for consumption. Plate counts ranged from 0.5 x 10(3) to 15 x 10(3) per ml.
Natural sources: High bacterial loads; MPN indices for coliforms, E. coli, and S. faecalis varied significantly. Approximately one-third contained Cl. perfringens.
Pathogen detection: Salmonella typhi found in 1.25% of samples from natural sources. All natural sources were deemed unfit for consumption.

Conclusions:

Natural water sources pose a significant health risk due to widespread bacterial contamination.
Piped water supplies demonstrate a higher standard of safety and are generally suitable for drinking.
Regular monitoring of water sources is essential to ensure public health protection.