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Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is protected from complement attack by cellular factors and glycoprotein C (gC)
Kohshi Maeda1, Sunao Hayashi, Yoshikuni Tanioka
1Department of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
Virus Research
|March 20, 2002
Summary
Cell-derived factors on pseudorabies virus (PRV) virions protect against homologous complement attack. The viral glycoprotein gC also confers complement resistance, with combined factors offering the best protection.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Homologous restriction describes the differential sensitivity of cell types to homologous complement.
- Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a pathogen that can be affected by complement-mediated lysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of cell-derived factors and the PRV glycoprotein gC in complement resistance.
- To determine how the cell in which PRV is propagated influences its sensitivity to complement.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of the complement sensitivity of swine kidney (CPK) cells and rabbit kidney (RK13) cells.
- Assessment of the complement resistance of a gC deletion mutant of PRV (PRVdlgC) grown in CPK and RK13 cells.
- Evaluation of the protective effects of cell-derived factors and viral gC against homologous and heterologous complement.
Main Results:
- CPK cells were resistant to swine complement, while RK13 cells were sensitive; the reverse was true for rabbit complement.
- PRVdlgC exhibited complement sensitivity mirroring that of the cells in which it was grown, suggesting cell-derived factors confer protection.
- Viral glycoprotein gC enhanced PRV resistance to both swine and rabbit complement, but cell-derived factors provided greater protection.
Conclusions:
- Cell-derived factors present on PRV virions are crucial for protection against homologous complement.
- The viral glycoprotein gC contributes to complement resistance, but its effect is less pronounced than that of cell-derived factors.
- Coexistence of both cell-derived factors and viral gC on the virion provides the most effective protection against complement-mediated attack.