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Related Experiment Videos

False memory and the discrepancy-attribution hypothesis: the prototype-familiarity illusion.

Bruce W A Whittlesea1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. bruce_whittlesea@sfu.ca

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|March 21, 2002
PubMed
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The discrepancy-attribution hypothesis explains familiarity illusions. This study shows prototype familiarity arises from semantic processing, influenced by context, suggesting a coherence monitoring evaluation process.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Human Cognition

Background:

  • The discrepancy-attribution hypothesis posits that surprising processing, attributed to an unknown cause, leads to familiarity.
  • This hypothesis has explained various familiarity illusions.
  • The prototype-familiarity effect, where prototype words evoke familiarity after studying associates, is examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply the discrepancy-attribution hypothesis to the prototype-familiarity effect.
  • To investigate the processing (semantic vs. perceptual) of prototypes after studying associates.
  • To explore how contextual factors at retrieval influence prototype recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied lists of associates before being tested on prototype words.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Semantic and perceptual processing of prototypes were assessed.
  • Prototype recognition was manipulated by presenting prototypes in predictive or incongruous contexts during testing.

    • Main Results:

    • Studying associates selectively enhanced semantic processing of prototypes, not perceptual processing.
    • Recognition of prototypes was influenced by the test context, being modifiable by predictive or incongruous information.
    • Familiarity with prototypes appears to stem from the coherence of processing.

    Conclusions:

    • The prototype-familiarity effect can be explained by the discrepancy-attribution hypothesis.
    • Semantic processing plays a key role in this familiarity illusion.
    • The findings suggest that familiarity judgments are influenced by an evaluation of processing coherence, modulated by contextual cues.