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Fluid volumes changes induced by spaceflight.

P C Johnson1

  • 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Acta Astronautica
|October 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Spaceflight and bedrest cause similar blood volume loss, but plasma volume changes differ. A countermeasure using lower body negative pressure and saline may help astronauts recover cardiovascular health.

Area of Science:

  • Space physiology
  • Cardiovascular research
  • Fluid volume regulation

Background:

  • Spaceflight and prolonged bedrest induce significant physiological changes, including fluid shifts and cardiovascular deconditioning.
  • Understanding these adaptations is crucial for astronaut health and mission success.
  • Previous research indicates alterations in blood volume (BV) and plasma volume (PV) during simulated and actual space missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of spaceflight (11-84 days) and bedrest (14-28 days) on blood volume, plasma volume, and extracellular fluid volume.
  • To assess cardiovascular deconditioning by comparing heart rate responses to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) after spaceflight and bedrest.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel countermeasure for mitigating spaceflight-induced cardiovascular and fluid volume changes.
Keywords:
NASA Experiment Number AP008NASA Experiment Number M113

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Main Methods:

  • Comparison of fluid volume measurements (BV, PV, extracellular fluid) between crewmembers and bedrest subjects.
  • Assessment of cardiovascular deconditioning using mean heart rate response during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) testing at -50 mmHg.
  • Evaluation of a countermeasure involving 4 hours of LBNP at -30 mmHg and 1 liter of saline ingestion.

Main Results:

  • Spaceflight and bedrest induced comparable blood volume changes.
  • Plasma volume changes were smaller in spaceflight compared to bedrest, potentially due to diurnal variations.
  • Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) produced similar heart rate increases after both spaceflight and bedrest, indicating comparable cardiovascular deconditioning.
  • The LBNP and saline countermeasure successfully restored heart rate response and plasma volume to pre-bedrest levels in bedrested subjects.

Conclusions:

  • Both spaceflight and bedrest induce significant cardiovascular deconditioning and fluid volume shifts.
  • Diurnal variations in plasma volume may influence measurements during spaceflight.
  • A combined lower body negative pressure and saline intake countermeasure shows promise for mitigating cardiovascular deconditioning and fluid volume loss in astronauts.
  • This countermeasure could be beneficial for crewmembers returning from space missions.