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Extinction by retarded children following discrimination learning with and without errors.

J L Lambert

    American Journal of Mental Deficiency
    |November 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children with intellectual disabilities learned discrimination tasks. Errorless training prevented later errors during extinction, unlike other methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Special Education

    Background:

    • Discrimination learning is crucial for cognitive development in children.
    • Understanding how training methods impact generalization and extinction is important for educational interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the effectiveness of free-operant versus trial procedures in discrimination learning.
    • To investigate the impact of error-based versus errorless training on extinction performance.
    • To assess how different training methods affect responding to the negative stimulus (S-) during extinction.

    Main Methods:

    • Four groups of children with intellectual disabilities (N=4 per group) were trained on a visual discrimination task (S+ apex up, S- apex down).
    • Training procedures included free-operant (intermittent reinforcement) and trial (continuous reinforcement) methods, with and without errors.
    • An extinction phase was introduced to assess stimulus control and resistance to extinction.

    Main Results:

    • Extinction led to increased responding to the negative stimulus (S-) across most groups.
    • The free-operant errorless group showed minimal S- responding during extinction, unlike other groups.
    • Errorless and error-trial groups did not differ in S- responding during extinction; the free-operant error group showed the highest S- responding.

    Conclusions:

    • Errorless training in a free-operant procedure is highly effective in establishing stimulus control and preventing errors during extinction.
    • Intermittent reinforcement in a free-operant setting may increase resistance to extinction compared to continuous reinforcement.
    • Training methodology significantly influences the generalization of learned behaviors and response patterns during extinction phases.

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