Use of chirally modified zeolites and crystals in photochemical asymmetric synthesis

Three different approaches to asymmetric induction in the cis-to-trans photoisomerization of a number of 1-benzoyl-2,3-diphenylcyclopropane derivatives are reported: the use of chiral inductors and covalent chiral auxiliaries in MY zeolites and the use of ionic chiral auxiliaries in crystals. High levels of asymmetric induction were achieved using the latter two methods-up to 71% through the use of covalent chiral auxiliaries in zeolites and a remarkable 99% via the solid state ionic chiral auxiliary approach. In the zeolite method, the diastereomeric excess was found to depend strongly on the nature of the zeolite cation, M(+), and in the ionic chiral auxiliary approach, evidence is presented that it is the fixed orientation of the benzoyl group with respect to the cyclopropane ring that controls enantioselectivity in the crystalline state-a finding that is directly relevant to theoretical work on this topic.