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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors
07:33

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

Published on: May 17, 2013

Emerging pathways in colorectal-cancer development.

Andrew M M Haydon1, Jeremy R Jass

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash Medical School, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia. Andrew.Haydon@med.monash.edu.au

The Lancet. Oncology
|March 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Microsatellite instability (MSI) characterizes about 15% of colorectal cancers due to defective DNA mismatch repair. CpG-island methylation, particularly affecting hMLH1, is linked to high MSI in these tumors.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres
06:52

Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres

Published on: July 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) development involves diverse pathways beyond chromosomal instability.
  • A significant subset of CRCs, approximately 15%, exhibits microsatellite instability (MSI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying MSI in colorectal cancer.
  • To investigate the role of DNA mismatch repair defects and CpG-island methylation in CRC pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA mismatch repair gene status.
  • Assessment of CpG-island methylation patterns in tumor suppressor gene promoter regions.
  • Correlation of methylation status with MSI phenotype.

Main Results:

  • Defective DNA mismatch repair, either inherited or sporadic, causes MSI.
  • CpG-island methylation is associated with sporadic MSI colorectal cancers.
  • Methylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter directly correlates with high MSI.

Conclusions:

  • MSI represents a distinct pathway in colorectal cancer development.
  • CpG-island methylation, especially of hMLH1, is a key mechanism driving MSI in a subset of CRCs.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for targeted therapies and improved diagnostics.