Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
06:23
Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo
Published on: August 4, 2018
9.2K
Kinetics of macroion coagulation induced by multivalent counterions
1Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Summary
Macroion charge inversion, driven by multivalent counterions, leads to coagulation. A new self-regulated regime shows aggregate size increases logarithmically over time due to growing charge and Coulomb barriers.
Area of Science:
- Colloid and Interface Science
- Physical Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Macroions in solution can exhibit charge inversion due to condensed multivalent counterions.
- Charge inversion leads to attractive forces, overcoming Coulomb repulsion and causing macroion coagulation.
- Understanding the kinetics of this coagulation is crucial for controlling aggregate formation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the kinetics of macroion coagulation near the charge inversion critical concentration.
- To calculate the Coulomb barrier between approaching macroions considering different shapes.
- To identify and characterize novel coagulation regimes.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical calculation of the Coulomb barrier between two like-charged macroions.
- Consideration of both spherical and rodlike macroion geometries.
- Analysis of aggregate charge and sticking probability as a function of size.
Main Results:
- A "self-regulated" coagulation regime was discovered.
- Increasing aggregate size leads to increased charge and Coulomb barrier.
- Aggregate sticking probability diminishes with increasing size.
Conclusions:
- The self-regulated regime results in a slow, logarithmic growth of aggregate size over time.
- This finding offers insights into controlling colloidal aggregation processes.
- The study highlights the importance of counterion condensation and macroion shape in coagulation kinetics.
Related Concept Videos
01:06Coagulation
1.5K
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
1.5K
01:09Coagulation
10.6K
The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
10.6K
00:23Kinetic Energy
43.5K
Kinetic energy is the ability of an object in motion to do work or enact change. It can take on many forms. For instance, water flowing down a waterfall has kinetic energy. In biological systems, particles of light travel and are absorbed by plants to create chemical energy. Animals consume the chemical energy and give off molecules that carry their scent through the air. They also generate kinetic energy when they run away from predators. Entire systems also possess kinetic energy, like the...
43.5K
01:19Enzyme Kinetics
104.3K
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
104.3K
03:07Kinetic Molecular Theory: Molecular Velocities, Temperature, and Kinetic Energy
29.9K
The kinetic molecular theory qualitatively explains the behaviors described by the various gas laws. The postulates of this theory may be applied in a more quantitative fashion to derive these individual laws.
29.9K
01:26Kinetic Friction
1.5K
Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
1.5K