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Related Concept Videos

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation
21:55

Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation

Published on: April 30, 2012

Cooperation between complexes that regulate chromatin structure and transcription.

Geeta J Narlikar1, Hua-Ying Fan, Robert E Kingston

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Cell
|March 23, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin remodeling complexes and HAT/HDAC enzymes coordinate to overcome transcription barriers. This ensures DNA accessibility for the transcription machinery in eukaryotes.

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Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Chromatin structure presents significant physical barriers to eukaryotic transcription.
  • Access to the DNA template is a critical regulatory point for gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the coordinated activities of chromatin-modifying complexes in regulating transcription.
  • To elucidate mechanisms for creating an accessible DNA template for transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chromatin modifiers.
  • Analysis of the interplay between ATP-dependent remodeling complexes and HAT/HDAC complexes.

Main Results:

  • Two major classes of chromatin modifiers, ATP-dependent remodeling complexes and HAT/HDAC complexes, are key players.
  • Coordination between these complexes is essential for overcoming chromatin barriers.

Conclusions:

  • The coordinated action of ATP-dependent remodelers and HAT/HDACs facilitates the formation of an open DNA template.
  • This process is crucial for enabling the general transcription apparatus to initiate transcription in eukaryotes.