[Tolerance of condenser impulses in cattle]

Extensive testing of electric fence equipment on cattle confirmed the effectiveness of the current intensities laid down by Koeppen and Osypka. Condenser discharges within the grade I of current intensity were tested for safety and effectiveness using standard equipment ("Cerberus" type). These condenser discharges were much more effective than induction current impulses. The risk of accidents to human beings and animals, and veterinary and zootechnical applications of condenser impulses were discussed.