Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Advanced flip-coil system for magnetic field integral measurements of insertion devices.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Genetic services survey-experience of people with rare diseases and their families accessing genetic services in the Irish Republic.

Journal of community genetics·2023
Same author

Comparison of Anterior and Lateral Approach in Hip Hemiarthroplasty for Femur Neck Fractures in the Elderly: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes.

Malaysian orthopaedic journal·2023
Same author

"Depth of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris: Implications for cosmetic and urogynecologic surgery."

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS·2022
Same author

Effectiveness of intervention focused on vocational course vocabulary in post-16 students with (developmental) language disorder.

International journal of language & communication disorders·2022
Same author

Efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted surgery in challenging hysterectomies - a single institutional experience.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

Rates of evolution in ancient DNA from Adélie penguins.

D M Lambert1, P A Ritchie, C D Millar

  • 1Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. D.M.Lambert@massey.ac.nz

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 23, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Ancient Adélie penguin bones in Antarctica yielded well-preserved DNA, revealing extinct mitochondrial haplotypes and faster-than-expected DNA evolution rates. This study offers new insights into penguin population genetics and evolutionary history.

More Related Videos

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat
06:03

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat

Published on: September 20, 2016

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis
06:33

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

Published on: June 9, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat
06:03

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat

Published on: September 20, 2016

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis
06:33

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

Published on: June 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Paleogenomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Antarctic Wildlife

Background:

  • Subfossil Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) bones are found in Antarctic nesting sites.
  • These bones contain exceptionally preserved ancient DNA dating back over 7000 years.
  • Previous studies on penguin DNA evolution have relied on indirect phylogenetic estimates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze ancient DNA from Adélie penguin subfossil bones.
  • To identify mitochondrial haplotypes and assess their evolutionary history.
  • To directly estimate the rate of DNA sequence evolution in the hypervariable region I.

Main Methods:

  • Radiocarbon dating of 96 subfossil bones.
  • Mitochondrial DNA sequencing and haplotype analysis.
  • Markov chain Monte Carlo integration and least-squares regression for rate estimation.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of numerous mitochondrial haplotypes, including some not found in modern populations.
  • Demonstration of DNA sequence evolution over time.
  • Calculated rates of evolution for hypervariable region I were 2-7 times higher than previous estimates.

Conclusions:

  • Ancient Adélie penguin DNA provides a valuable resource for evolutionary studies.
  • Some ancient Adélie penguin lineages may be extinct.
  • Direct estimation reveals a higher rate of DNA evolution than previously inferred.