Inhaled nitric oxide in ARDS

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in numerous physiologic systems only recently has been discovered. When used as a gas, inhaled NO (iNO) has many unique properties that cause immediate improvements in pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygenation. Acute benefits in physiologic parameters have been demonstrated in numerous studies of iNO in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but recent randomized controlled trials have failed to show improvement in outcome. The addition of other treatments that prolong or enhance the affect of iNO or its use with other ventilator modalities such as prone positioning or high-frequency ventilation offer hope that iNO may be beneficial in select groups of patients.