Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2026
Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms
Published on: August 15, 2016
The immediate effect of handling technique on range of movement in the hemiplegic shoulder
1Department of Health Studies, Brunel University, Middlesex, UK. sarah.tyson@man.ac.uk
Purpose:
To assess the immediate effect of two different handling. techniques on range of flexion in the hemiplegic shoulder.
Method:
A randomized controlled design with within-subject comparison was used. Range of shoulder flexion was measured using a bubble goniometer. Range of passive movement was compared as the weak arm was lifted using an 'axilla hold' (when the gleno-humeral joint is supported and held in external rotation) and a 'distal hold' (when the arm is lifted at the forearm without shoulder support). Twenty-two people with arm weakness following stroke were recruited. They were inpatients or attending a day hospital in two NHS trusts, with no previous limitation of range or function of their arm. A paired t-test was used for analysis.
Results:
Mean shoulder flexion for the axilla hold was 115.2 degrees (SD 38.45), and 97.7 degrees (SD 44.7) for the distal hold. This difference was significant at p < 0.001 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 7.96, 26.88).
Conclusions:
Lifting the hemiplegic arm by holding the humerus under the axilla and maintaining external rotation produces greater range of flexion at the hemiplegic shoulder than a 'distal hold'.
