Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Human Toll-like receptor 4 recognizes host-specific LPS modifications.

Adeline M Hajjar1, Robert K Ernst, Jeff H Tsai

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Nature Immunology
|March 26, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Humans, unlike mice, use Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optimizing an avian influenza vaccine using a novel Bacterial Enzymatic Combinatorial Chemistry (BECC) TLR4 adjuvant.

mSphere·2026
Same author

Acquired mutations in transcriptional regulator <i>hns</i> and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and modification genes impact colistin resistance and fitness of <i>mcr</i>-carrying <i>E. coli</i>.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2026
Same author

IMD-0354 optimization generates potent colistin adjuvants with in vivo activity and reduced eukaryotic toxicity.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

BECC-adjuvanted hemagglutinin influenza vaccine promotes enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy.

Vaccine·2026
Same author

MetaTracer: A nucleotide alignment-based framework for high-resolution taxonomic and transcript assignment in metatranscriptomic data.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Genomic, proteolytic, and phenotypic characterization of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolates causing infective endocarditis.

Microbiology spectrum·2026

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key inflammatory molecule from Gram-negative bacteria, recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-MD-2.
  • Bacteria, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, modify LPS acylation during environmental adaptation, such as in cystic fibrosis airways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how human and murine TLR4-MD-2 complexes discriminate between different acylated LPS structures from P. aeruginosa.
  • To understand the molecular basis for species-specific recognition of bacterial adaptation signatures.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of human and murine TLR4-MD-2 responses to penta- and hexa-acylated LPS from P. aeruginosa.
  • Identification of specific regions within TLR4 responsible for discriminating LPS structures.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Human TLR4-MD-2 robustly responds to hexa-acylated LPS from P. aeruginosa, indicating recognition of bacterial adaptation.
  • Murine TLR4-MD-2 shows different recognition patterns, not discriminating between penta- and hexa-acylated LPS.
  • A hypervariable 82-amino-acid region in human TLR4 mediates the discrimination of P. aeruginosa LPS structures.

Conclusions:

  • Humans utilize TLR4 to recognize a molecular signature of bacterial adaptation to P. aeruginosa.
  • This species-specific recognition mechanism modulates the innate immune response, differing significantly from murine responses.