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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Cell-based Therapy for Heart Failure in Rat: Double Thoracotomy for Myocardial Infarction and Epicardial Implantation of Cells and Biomatrix
09:11

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Published on: September 22, 2014

Apoptosis in heart failure: a real problem?

H N Sabbah1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Heart &Vascular Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. hsabbah1@hfhs.org

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy
|March 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ongoing loss of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) through apoptosis may drive progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in heart failure. Further research is needed to confirm if inhibiting apoptosis can prevent heart failure progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is a hallmark of heart failure.
  • The precise mechanisms driving this decline remain largely unknown.
  • A leading hypothesis suggests ongoing cardiomyocyte loss contributes to heart failure progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the progression of heart failure.
  • To assess the evidence supporting apoptosis as a key mechanism in heart failure pathophysiology.
  • To determine the necessity of further studies investigating pharmacologic inhibition of apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review and aggregate existing evidence from animal models of heart failure.
  • Analyze data from explanted human hearts with heart failure.
  • Synthesize findings to support or refute the hypothesis of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure progression.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence from animal and human studies indicates ongoing cardiomyocyte death via apoptosis in heart failure.
  • This evidence supports the hypothesis that apoptosis contributes to progressive LV dysfunction.
  • Despite supporting evidence, some skepticism persists regarding the clinical significance of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptosis is increasingly favored as a key culprit in the progression of heart failure.
  • Further research is crucial to ascertain if direct inhibition of apoptosis can prevent progressive LV dysfunction.
  • Understanding the role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis is essential for appreciating the pathophysiology of heart failure.