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Related Experiment Videos

Annexins: from structure to function.

Volker Gerke1, Stephen E Moss

  • 1Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Physiological Reviews
|March 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Annexins are calcium and phospholipid-binding proteins crucial for cell membrane regulation and ion transport. Their diverse roles and involvement in diseases like leukemia highlight their significance in molecular biology.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Annexins are a conserved multigene family of Ca2+ and phospholipid-binding proteins found in animals and plants.
  • Structurally, they possess a conserved core domain for Ca2+-regulated membrane binding and a unique N-terminal domain specifying individual functions.
  • Annexins play roles in membrane organization, traffic, ion currents, and extracellular functions, despite lacking secretion signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the structural and functional characteristics of annexins.
  • To highlight their involvement in cellular processes and extracellular functions.
  • To discuss the implications of annexin dysregulation in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of crystallized annexin cores.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigation using cellular and animal knock-out models and dominant-negative mutants.
  • Correlation of annexin expression and activity with human diseases.

    • Main Results:

    • Annexin structures reveal Ca2+ binding sites and a potential Ca2+ channel pore.
    • Functional studies show annexins regulate membrane organization, traffic, and ion currents.
    • Extracellular annexin roles include acting as receptors and inhibitors.
    • Annexin dysregulation is linked to diseases such as acute promyelocytic leukemia and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

    Conclusions:

    • Annexins are versatile proteins with diverse functions in cellular and extracellular environments.
    • Their structural features underpin their Ca2+-dependent membrane interactions.
    • Aberrant annexin activity is implicated in various human pathologies, termed annexinopathies.