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Paratuberculosis with special reference to cattle. A review.

I Olsen¹, G Sigurğardóttir, B Djønne

¹National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway. Ingrid.Olsen@vetinst.no

The Veterinary Quarterly

|March 29, 2002

Summary

Paratuberculosis, a chronic intestinal disease in ruminants, causes significant economic losses. Early detection of subclinically infected animals remains a major challenge for disease control.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Animal Health

Background:

Paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.
It affects domestic and wild ruminants, leading to significant financial losses in the farming industry worldwide.
Clinical signs include chronic diarrhea and weight loss, while subclinical infections result in decreased production.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of paratuberculosis.
To summarize key aspects including clinical importance, pathology, immunology, and the infectious agent.
To emphasize available diagnostic methods, their applications, and limitations.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes information from existing literature on paratuberculosis.

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It covers various facets of the disease, from its causative agent to its impact on animal health.

A detailed examination of diagnostic techniques is included.

Main Results:

Paratuberculosis poses a global threat to ruminant health and agricultural economies.
Identifying subclinically infected animals is a critical hurdle in effective disease management.
Current diagnostic methods have varying degrees of utility and limitations.

Conclusions:

Effective control of paratuberculosis is hampered by the difficulty in diagnosing subclinical cases.
A thorough understanding of the disease's pathology, immunology, and diagnostics is crucial.
Further advancements in diagnostic tools are needed to improve paratuberculosis management and reduce economic impact.