Development of oral insulin: progress and current status

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Pharmacology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• The NOBEX drug delivery technology involves modifying molecules with amphiphilic oligomers.
• This modification enhances stability against enzymatic degradation and improves solubility.
• It also modifies pharmacology to extend circulating half-life and activity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate an orally absorbed, bioactive insulin conjugate.
• To assess the safety, absorption, and glucose-lowering effects of this oral insulin.
• To explore its potential in managing hyperglycemia in diabetes.

Main Methods:

• NOBEX technology was applied to insulin, creating an oral conjugate.
• The conjugate's effects were studied in animal models, healthy volunteers, and patients with type 1 diabetes.
• Dose-dependent glucose-lowering effects were evaluated.

Main Results:

• Orally administered conjugated insulin was safely and rapidly absorbed.
• Dose-dependent, glucose-lowering effects were observed across study populations.
• Studies suggest a promising role in managing fasting and post-prandial hyperglycemia.

Conclusions:

• Oral conjugated insulin, delivered via the portal circulation to the liver, mimics physiological insulin secretion.
• This delivery route may improve diabetes management and reduce long-term complications.
• Further studies in type 1 and type 2 diabetes are planned.