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Copper and carcinogenesis.

T Theophanides1, J Anastassopoulou

  • 1International Anticancer Research Institute, 1st km Kapadriti-Kalamou Rd., P.O. Box 22, Kapandriti, Attiki 19014, Greece. theophan@central.ntua.gr

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|March 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Essential metal ions like copper are vital for biological reactions but toxic at high levels. Excess copper generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA, potentially leading to cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Metallomics
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Metal ions are crucial catalysts in biological systems, essential for numerous biochemical reactions.
  • However, elevated concentrations of metal ions can lead to cellular toxicity.
  • Copper is an essential trace element with significant biological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of copper in biological systems, highlighting its essential functions and toxic potential.
  • To investigate the involvement of catalytic copper in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • To understand the mechanisms by which copper-induced ROS contribute to DNA damage and carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical and chemical properties of copper.
  • Analysis of copper's redox activity and mobilization in biological contexts.
  • Examination of the link between copper, ROS production, and DNA damage.

Main Results:

  • Catalytic copper, through its redox activity, is implicated in the formation of ROS (superoxide and hydroxyl radicals).
  • These ROS can rapidly interact with DNA, causing strand breaks and base modifications.
  • Such DNA damage is a key factor in the development of cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Copper's biological activity is concentration-dependent, acting as both an essential cofactor and a potential toxin.
  • The generation of ROS by copper is a significant pathway leading to DNA damage and disease, including cancer.
  • Understanding copper's chemistry and biochemistry is vital for comprehending its role in various pathologies.

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