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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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A molecular "phase ordering" phase transition leading to a modulated aperiodic composite in n-heptane/urea.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Crystal engineering: from structure to function.

Mark D Hollingsworth1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. mdholl@ksu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Crystal engineering uses iterative synthesis, crystallography, and computation to control crystal structure. This approach focuses on molecular recognition during crystal formation, leading to new materials with tailored properties.

Area of Science:

  • Crystal engineering
  • Materials science
  • Solid-state chemistry

Background:

  • Crystal engineering is a multidisciplinary field.
  • Success relies on integrating synthesis, crystallography, and computational analysis.
  • Understanding molecular recognition is key to controlling crystal formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how molecular recognition events influence crystal nucleation and growth.
  • To demonstrate new methods for controlling internal crystal structure and symmetry.
  • To produce novel materials with desirable chemical and physical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Iterative synthesis of crystalline materials.
  • X-ray crystallography for structure determination.
  • Computational modeling of crystal growth processes.

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On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

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Last Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

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Optimized Sealing Process and Real-Time Monitoring of Glass-to-Metal Seal Structures

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On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

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  • Analysis of molecular recognition events during nucleation.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated control over internal crystal structure and symmetry.
    • Successfully produced materials with enhanced chemical and physical properties.
    • Identified key molecular recognition pathways governing crystal formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Crystal engineering offers powerful strategies for rational material design.
    • Focusing on molecular recognition provides precise control over crystal properties.
    • This iterative approach advances the development of functional crystalline materials.