[Vascular disorders and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Neurology
• Sleep Medicine

Context:

• Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is increasingly recognized as a significant independent risk factor for major vascular diseases, including stroke, coronary artery disease, and hypertension.
• Studies indicate a high prevalence of OSAS (70-95%) in patients presenting with acute stroke.
• The presence of OSAS in stroke patients is associated with poorer clinical outcomes.

Purpose:

• To review the evidence linking OSAS to vascular diseases, particularly stroke.
• To discuss the potential pathophysiological mechanisms connecting OSAS and stroke.
• To emphasize the importance of screening for OSAS in patients with acute vascular events.

Summary:

• OSAS is an independent risk factor for stroke, coronary artery diseases, and hypertension.
• Potential mechanisms include arterial hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, atherogenesis, coagulation disorders, and altered cerebral metabolism/hemodynamics.
• Systematic screening for OSAS is advised in patients with acute vascular events.

Impact:

• Highlights the critical role of OSAS in vascular disease pathogenesis.
• Supports the integration of OSAS screening into the management of acute vascular events.
• Underscores the need for further research into optimal treatment timing for OSAS in this population.