Epidemiology of cancer of the stomach with special reference to its recent decrease in Japan

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Public Health
• Oncology

Background:

• Stomach cancer historically represented a significant cause of mortality in Japan.
• Geographical and anatomical variations in stomach cancer incidence and mortality have been observed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze trends in stomach cancer mortality rates in Japan.
• To investigate potential contributing factors to observed changes in mortality.

Main Methods:

• Statistical analysis of national mortality data for stomach cancer.
• Comparison of mortality rates across different anatomical sites and geographical regions (metropolitan vs. rural).

Main Results:

• A significant decline in overall stomach cancer death rates was observed in Japan.
• The most pronounced decrease was noted for cancer of the pylorus.
• Mortality decline was more substantial in metropolitan areas compared to rural areas.

Conclusions:

• Dietary changes, particularly increased consumption of milk and dairy products, are strongly suggested as a primary factor in the decline.
• The nationwide early detection program for stomach cancer also contributed to the observed decrease in mortality.