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Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections.

Caroline M Rudnick1, Grant S Hoekzema

  • 1St. Anthony's Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

American Family Physician
|April 2, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections pose significant risks. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral therapy, including parenteral acyclovir for newborns, are crucial for preventing serious outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections lead to severe illness and death.
  • Asymptomatic cervical shedding of HSV in pregnant women during the third trimester is a primary cause of neonatal infection.
  • Genital HSV infections in pregnant women are linked to preterm labor and low birth weight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the risks of neonatal HSV infections.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and management of maternal and neonatal HSV.
  • To outline diagnostic and treatment strategies for neonatal HSV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and transmission routes of neonatal HSV.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods including viral cultures from various neonatal samples.

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  • Analysis of treatment protocols involving antiviral therapy and delivery management.

    • Main Results:

    • Approximately 20% of pregnant women have HSV-2 antibodies, but only 5% report symptomatic infections.
    • Primary HSV episodes and late-term secondary episodes require antiviral treatment.
    • Cesarean section is recommended for active HSV at delivery.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonatal HSV diagnosis can be challenging, requiring suspicion in newborns with non-specific symptoms.
    • Prompt parenteral acyclovir treatment is essential for all suspected or diagnosed neonatal HSV cases.
    • Effective management of maternal HSV infection is key to preventing neonatal transmission and improving outcomes.