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Frontal lobe functioning in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

W V Reeve1, S L Schandler

  • 1Division of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA. schandle@chapman.edu

Adolescence
|April 4, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show significant frontal lobe dysfunction. This study confirms executive function deficits in ADHD youth using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color and Word Test.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • A leading hypothesis links ADHD etiology to frontal lobe dysfunction.
  • Previous research on frontal lobe functioning in ADHD has yielded inconsistent results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate frontal lobe functioning in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To clarify contradictory findings in prior research by employing rigorous methodology.
  • To examine executive functions potentially impaired in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 10 adolescents with ADHD and 10 age/gender-matched controls (ages 12-17) participated.
  • Frontal lobe functioning was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color and Word Test.

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  • The Purdue Pegboard was administered as a control task to measure non-frontal lobe functions.

    • Main Results:

    • The ADHD group exhibited significantly poorer performance on the Stroop Color and Word Test (color score, color/word score, interference score).
    • ADHD participants also showed deficits in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (higher perseverative responses/errors, fewer completed categories).
    • No significant differences were observed between groups on the Purdue Pegboard control task.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support the hypothesis of frontal lobe dysfunction in adolescents with ADHD.
    • Executive function deficits, particularly in cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control, are evident in ADHD.
    • This study provides robust evidence clarifying the role of frontal lobe impairments in ADHD etiology.