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Revisiting field experimentation: field notes for the future.

William R Shadish1

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA. shadish@mail.psyc.memphis.edu

Psychological Methods
|April 4, 2002
PubMed
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This review highlights key lessons from 20th-century social science field experiments. It emphasizes proper design, analysis, and validity to address challenges like selection bias and attrition in experimental research.

Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Methodology
  • Experimental Design

Background:

  • Field experiments gained prominence in social sciences during the 20th century.
  • Extensive practical experience generated valuable insights into experimental conduct.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical lessons learned from past social science field experiments.
  • To provide guidance on design, analysis, and theoretical considerations for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical experiences and established practices in social science field experimentation.
  • Discussion of key methodological topics including selection, attrition, power, and validity.

Main Results:

  • Proper subject selection and condition assignment are crucial for experimental integrity.

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  • Addressing attrition, power, effect size, and partial treatment implementation is essential for robust findings.
  • Modern analytical techniques and considerations of internal/external validity are vital.

    • Conclusions:

    • The computer revolution has transformed experimental methodology and statistical analysis.
    • Interdisciplinary convergence and a dedicated program of methodological research are needed.
    • Selection bias remains a key challenge, necessitating increased specialization in field experimentation.