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Trends and toxic effects from pediatric clonidine exposures
1Maryland Poison Center, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. wkleinsc@rx.umaryland.edu
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
|April 4, 2002
Summary
Pediatric clonidine hydrochloride exposures reported to poison centers are increasing, with serious toxic effects and fatalities possible. Increased therapeutic errors in children warrant concern.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine
- Pharmacovigilance
Background:
- Clonidine hydrochloride is a medication used to treat hypertension and ADHD.
- Pediatric exposures to clonidine can lead to significant toxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends, demographics, and toxic effects of pediatric clonidine hydrochloride exposures.
- To identify risk factors and outcomes associated with these exposures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of clonidine-only exposures in children younger than 19 years.
- Data collected from the American Association of Poison Control Center's database (1993-1999).
- Evaluation of exposure frequency, demographics, symptoms, management, and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Over 10,000 exposures reported, with a 2.5-fold increase from 1993 to 1999.
- Younger children (<6 years) had the highest exposure rates, often unintentional overdoses.
- Therapeutic errors and suicide attempts increased in older children and adolescents.
- Common symptoms included lethargy, bradycardia, and hypotension; 1 fatality occurred.
Conclusions:
- Most clonidine exposures in children result in minor effects, but serious toxicity and death are possible.
- Increasing trends in pediatric clonidine exposures, particularly therapeutic errors, are concerning.
- Further research and prevention strategies are needed to mitigate risks.