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Sex differences in tuberculosis in Hong Kong
M Chan-Yeung1, K Noertjojo, S L Chan
1Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. mmwchan@hkucc.hku.hk
Summary
Tuberculosis rates are higher in men than women in Hong Kong. Sex differences in tuberculosis manifestations and treatment completion highlight the need for targeted prevention programs.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern.
- Understanding demographic variations in TB incidence and presentation is crucial for effective control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex-based disparities in tuberculosis rates over five decades in Hong Kong.
- To analyze sex differences in the clinical features and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of tuberculosis notification rates from the Hong Kong Tuberculosis and Chest Service (1946-1996).
- Cross-sectional study of all tuberculosis patients registered for treatment in 1996.
Main Results:
- Consistently higher tuberculosis rates observed in men across all age groups over 50 years.
- Greatest sex disparity in rates noted in individuals over 60 years.
- Women more frequently presented with extra-pulmonary TB (lymph nodes); men had higher rates of relapsed pulmonary TB, treatment default, and co-morbidities.
Conclusions:
- Significant sex differences exist in tuberculosis epidemiology and clinical presentation in Hong Kong.
- Tailoring prevention and treatment strategies based on sex-specific risk factors and manifestations is essential for improving TB control.