Influence of early drainage of intraperitoneal phospholipids on efficacy of adhesion prevention

Postoperative peritoneal adhesions impose a long-term risk of morbidity and mortality. Adjunctive means are needed to prevent these complications. In previous studies we could demonstrate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneally applied phospholipids with regard to adhesion prevention and wound healing, respectively. The assumption is that phospholipids rapidly adhere to the peritoneal surface and to the mesothelial lesions. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of early drainage of the administered fluid volume on the control of adhesion formation. Forty chinchilla rabbits underwent median laparotomy and standardized abrasion of circumscript areas of the ventral abdominal wall, the cecum, and the ileum. The animals randomly received either 75 mg/kg body weight of phospholipids in a volume of 5.0 mL/kg body weight (n = 20) or the same volume of Ringer's lactate solution (n = 20) prior to closing the laparotomy wounds. In 50% of the rabbits with either medication, 80% of the volume was recovered after 30 min before final closure of the abdominal wall ("drainage"). In the remaining animals the intraabdominal fluid load was not evacuated ("no drainage"). At day 10 after surgery all rabbits were sacrificed for evaluation of adhesion areas by computer-aided planimetry and histopathologic examination. The mean areas of adhesion in both Ringer's lactate groups were significantly larger than in the comparable phospholipid groups (p < .05). In the Ringer's lactate groups, adhesions averaged 341.7 (318.6) mm2 without and 263.3 (275.5) mm2 with drainage. In the phospholipid groups the respective mean areas reached only 24.6 (36.7) mm2 without drainage and 27.0 (49.7) mm2 following evacuation of the fluid 30 min after administration (median, mean in parentheses). These results prove the efficacy of phospholipids after a limited contact period of 30 min. The frequent use of drains in abdominal surgery will not impair the beneficial effect of phospholipids on prevention of adhesions.