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Related Concept Videos

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids01:31

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids

In the complex environment of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion can lead to the formation or worsening of ulcers within the delicate mucosal layer. Antacids, such as sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate, provide relief by neutralizing this acid, transforming it into harmless salt and water. This neutralization process raises the gastric pH from a highly acidic level of 1 to a more basic 3-4, reducing the acidity within the stomach.
However, this neutralization reaction between...
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents01:24

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents

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Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

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Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Extremely Rapid and Specific Metabolic Labelling of RNA In Vivo with 4-Thiouracil (Ers4tU)
11:46

Extremely Rapid and Specific Metabolic Labelling of RNA In Vivo with 4-Thiouracil (Ers4tU)

Published on: August 22, 2019

Rasburicase: a potent uricolytic agent.

Ching-Hon Pui1

  • 1St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ching-hon.pui@stjude.org

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|April 6, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase, effectively prevents and treats hyperuricemia in cancer patients. This enzyme rapidly reduces uric acid levels, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to allopurinol and a favorable safety profile.

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Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Assay by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis
12:19

Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Assay by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hyperuricemia is a common complication in cancer patients, particularly those with hematological malignancies, due to tumor lysis syndrome.
  • Elevated uric acid levels can lead to severe complications, including kidney damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rasburicase for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in cancer patients.
  • To compare the effectiveness of rasburicase with allopurinol in managing hyperuricemia.

Main Methods:

  • Four clinical trials were conducted involving cancer patients.
  • A stratified, randomized trial compared rasburicase to allopurinol.
  • Efficacy was assessed by reduction in plasma uric acid concentrations and prevention of hyperuricemia.

Main Results:

  • Rasburicase achieved rapid and pronounced reductions in plasma uric acid levels within 4 hours.
  • Hyperuricemia was alleviated in 98% of treated patients and prevented in 99.6% of at-risk patients.
  • Rasburicase demonstrated superior efficacy to allopurinol and generally improved or stabilized renal function.

Conclusions:

  • Rasburicase is a safe and effective agent for managing hyperuricemia in cancer patients.
  • The enzyme offers a significant therapeutic option for preventing and treating this complication, even during chemotherapy-induced tumor lysis.
  • Adverse events were infrequent and mild, with caution advised for patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.