Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Executive functioning in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

L J Rapport1, A Van Voorhis, A Tzelepis

  • 1Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. rapport@sun.science.wayne.edu

The Clinical Neuropsychologist
|April 6, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit specific deficits in response inhibition, performing worse on tasks like the Stroop Color-Word test. However, their cognitive initiation, abstract thinking, and working memory remain intact.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

New Measures for Research on Men Who Have Sex with Men and for At-Risk Heterosexuals: Tools to Study Links Between Structural Interventions or Large-Scale Social Change and HIV Risk Behaviors, Service Use, and Infection.

AIDS and behavior·2019
Same author

Experiences of Stigma and Support Reported by Participants in a Network Intervention to Reduce HIV Transmission in Athens, Greece; Odessa, Ukraine; and Chicago, Illinois.

AIDS and behavior·2019
Same author

Young Drug Users: a Vulnerable Population and an Underutilized Resource in HIV/HCV Prevention.

Current HIV/AIDS reports·2018
Same author

Using a "Positive Deviance" Framework to Discover Adaptive Risk Reduction Behaviors Among High-Risk HIV Negative Black Men Who Have Sex with Men.

AIDS and behavior·2017
Same author

Sexual Risk and Transmission Behaviors, Partnerships and Settings Among Young Adult Nonmedical Opioid Users in New York City.

AIDS and behavior·2017
Same author

Understanding the effects of different HIV transmission models in individual-based microsimulation of HIV epidemic dynamics in people who inject drugs.

Epidemiology and infection·2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
  • Executive functions are complex cognitive processes crucial for goal-directed behavior.
  • Previous research suggests executive function deficits in children with ADHD, but adult studies are less conclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate executive function differences between adults with and without ADHD.
  • To identify specific cognitive domains affected by ADHD in adulthood.
  • To compare findings with existing theories of ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study design involving 35 adults with ADHD and 32 neurotypical adults.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants were matched for age, gender, education, and Full Scale IQ.
  • Executive functions were assessed using the Stroop Color-Word test, Trails B, Design Fluency, and tests for cognitive initiation, abstract thinking, and working memory.

    • Main Results:

    • Adults with ADHD showed significant impairments in response inhibition (Stroop Color-Word, Interference) and cognitive flexibility (Trails B).
    • The ADHD group made more perseverative and non-perseverative errors on Design Fluency, but novel output was comparable.
    • No significant group differences were found in cognitive initiation, abstract thinking, or working memory.

    Conclusions:

    • Adult ADHD is associated with specific deficits in behavioral inhibition and response control.
    • Executive functions such as cognitive initiation, abstract thinking, and working memory appear to be preserved in adults with ADHD.
    • Findings support theories emphasizing behavioral inhibition as a core deficit in ADHD, aligning with Barkley's model.