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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research
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Global analysis of gene expression: methods, interpretation, and pitfalls.

Ryan M Fryer1, Jeffrey Randall, Takumi Yoshida

  • 1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Experimental Nephrology
|April 9, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Global mRNA expression analysis has revolutionized biological discovery over 15 years. High-throughput techniques offer powerful insights into gene networks, disease classification, and gene discovery, despite some challenges.

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Analyzing Multifactorial RNA-Seq Experiments with DiCoExpress
05:22

Analyzing Multifactorial RNA-Seq Experiments with DiCoExpress

Published on: July 29, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Global analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression has become a key strategy in biological research over the last 15 years.
  • Advancements in parallel processing, robotics, and informatics have enabled the development of numerous high-throughput methods for gene expression profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the landscape of high-throughput mRNA expression analysis techniques.
  • To highlight the impact of these technologies on biological discovery and disease understanding.

Main Methods:

  • DNA microarrays
  • Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE)
  • Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
  • Differential-display RT-PCR
  • Massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS)

Main Results:

  • Various high-throughput methods for mRNA expression analysis have been developed, each with distinct advantages and limitations concerning cost, complexity, specificity, and reproducibility.
  • The generation of large-scale gene expression datasets presents significant bioinformatics challenges.

Conclusions:

  • The technological revolution in mRNA expression analysis is transforming disease classification, gene discovery, and the comprehension of gene regulatory networks.
  • Despite inherent challenges, these methods provide unprecedented power for biological insights.