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Dynamic stiffness profiles in the left ventricle.

A Kennish, E Yellin, R W Frater

    Journal of Applied Physiology
    |October 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study reveals dynamic changes in heart stiffness during diastole, influenced by relaxation and filling rates. These findings suggest a rate-dependent viscous element contributes to cardiac mechanics.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Understanding diastolic function is crucial for diagnosing heart conditions.
    • Beat-to-beat analysis provides dynamic insights into cardiac mechanics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate instantaneous changes in cardiac stiffness during diastole.
    • To characterize the diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) relation dynamically.
    • To explore the influence of rate-dependent factors on cardiac stiffness.

    Main Methods:

    • Calculated beat-to-beat diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) curves in open-chest dogs.
    • Measured transmitral flow and pressure to determine P-V relationships.
    • Utilized the slope of the P-V curve (dP/dV) as an index of stiffness.

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    Main Results:

    • The end-diastolic P-V relation was exponential during volume loading.
    • The instantaneous diastolic P-V relation was nonlinear, indicating dynamic stiffness.
    • Normal hearts exhibited negative dP/dV in early diastole, followed by stiffness changes with atrial contraction.

    Conclusions:

    • Cardiac stiffness is not solely dependent on instantaneous pressure but also on filling rate.
    • A rate-dependent viscous element likely contributes to diastolic cardiac mechanics.
    • Findings support the role of dynamic factors in diastolic dysfunction, as seen in mitral stenosis.