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Molecule capture by olfactory antennules: mantis shrimp.

Mark T Stacey1, Kristina S Mead, Mimi A R Koehl

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California. Berkeley, 94720-1710, USA. mstacey@socrates.berkeley.edu

Journal of Mathematical Biology
|April 11, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Marine crustaceans use antennule flicking to capture odorants. Their flicking velocity and aesthetasc spacing create asymmetric molecule flux, enabling discrete sampling or "sniffing" for effective olfaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Chemosensation
  • Marine biology

Background:

  • Olfaction relies on odorant molecule transport to chemosensory structures.
  • Marine crustaceans, like mantis shrimp, use antennules with chemosensory sensilla (aesthetascs) to detect odorants in water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model molecule flux to aesthetascs, investigating the impact of antennule size, aesthetasc spacing, and flick kinematics.
  • To incorporate realistic turbulent flow odorant concentrations into the model.
  • To understand how antennule design and movement facilitate odorant capture in marine crustaceans.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a model to calculate molecule flux to aesthetasc surfaces.
  • Utilized dynamically-scaled physical models to determine fluid velocity fields.

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  • Integrated measured velocity fields into numerical simulations of odorant advection and diffusion.
  • Incorporated odorant concentration data from turbulent ambient flows.

    • Main Results:

    • Flicking velocity significantly affects odorant flux, particularly within a specific speed range where fluid leakage between aesthetascs is velocity-sensitive.
    • This velocity sensitivity creates an asymmetry in molecule flux between the antennule's outstroke and return stroke.
    • This asymmetry results in the antennule performing discrete spatial and temporal sampling, termed "sniffing".

    Conclusions:

    • The "sniffing" mechanism allows marine crustaceans to effectively sample odorant plumes.
    • Changes in aesthetasc arrangement with growth (increasing Reynolds number) maintain flux asymmetries, ensuring continuous "sniffing" capability throughout development.
    • The study provides insights into the biomechanics and fluid dynamics underlying crustacean olfaction.