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[Iodine deficiency: current situation and future prospects].

Bruno De Benoist1, François Delange

  • 1Département de nutrition pour la santé et le développement, Organisation mondiale de la santé, CH 1211 Genève 27, Suisse. debenoist@who.ch

Sante (Montrouge, France)
|April 12, 2002
PubMed
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Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) remain a global health issue, impacting 740 million people. Salt iodisation programs have progressed but require sustained commitment for universal access and to prevent risks like brain damage and hyperthyroidism.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutrition Science

Context:

  • Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) represent a significant global public health challenge, with an estimated 740 million people affected by goitre.
  • Consequences include hypothyroidism, impaired fetal brain development, and preventable childhood brain damage, making IDD a primary concern.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the global status of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and the effectiveness of salt iodisation programs.
  • To highlight challenges and recommend strategies for the sustainable elimination of IDD.

Summary:

  • Salt iodisation is the primary strategy for correcting IDD, with significant progress made over 20 years, increasing access to iodised salt to 68% in affected countries.
  • Despite progress, approximately 30 out of 130 affected countries lack IDD programs. Weak quality control and monitoring expose populations to risks of excessive iodine intake and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism.

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  • IDD is re-emerging in some regions, underscoring the need for sustained commitment from health authorities and the salt industry to ensure program sustainability and achieve IDD elimination goals.

    • Impact:

    • Enhanced global health outcomes by addressing preventable brain damage in children and hypothyroidism.
    • Reduced public health burden associated with iodine deficiency disorders and associated conditions.
    • Informed policy and practice for sustainable salt iodisation programs, aiming for complete IDD elimination worldwide.