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The DRD4 VNTR polymorphism moderates craving after alcohol consumption.
Kent E Hutchison1, John McGeary, Andrew Smolen
1Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309-0345, USA. kenth@psych.colorado.edu
Summary
Genetic variations in the dopamine D4 receptor gene influence alcohol craving. Individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat allele showed heightened alcohol craving after consuming alcohol, suggesting a genetic link to addiction.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Psychology
Background:
- Alterations in mesolimbic dopamine neurotransmission are implicated in alcohol craving.
- The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism may affect dopamine receptor function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if the DRD4 VNTR polymorphism influences alcohol-induced craving.
- To examine the relationship between DRD4 genotype and subjective craving responses to alcohol.
Main Methods:
- Participants were genotyped for the DRD4 VNTR polymorphism.
- Participants consumed three alcoholic or control drinks.
- Craving was measured after each drink.
Main Results:
- Participants homozygous or heterozygous for the 7-repeat allele (DRD4 L) showed significantly higher craving after alcohol consumption compared to controls.
- The DRD4 L genotype was associated with increased alcohol craving.
Conclusions:
- The DRD4 VNTR polymorphism, specifically the 7-repeat allele, may play a role in modulating alcohol craving.
- Genetic variations in dopamine receptors could influence susceptibility to alcohol-related behaviors.