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Related Experiment Videos

Elbow flexion response as another primitive reflex.

Kazumasa Sudo1, Tomokiho Matsuyama, Yoshiro Goto

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. sudo@med.hokudai.ac.jp

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|April 16, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Intellectual impairment in patients is linked to a spontaneous elbow flexion response (EFR) during physical exams. This response is associated with lower intelligence scores and frontal lobe lesions, potentially indicating a variation of the grasp reflex.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Spasticity assessment in patients with intellectual impairment can reveal novel responses.
  • The elbow flexion response (EFR) was observed during routine examination of upper extremity spasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and clinical associations of the elbow flexion response (EFR).
  • To explore the relationship between EFR and neurological status, including lesion laterality, frontal lobe involvement, intelligence, and primitive reflexes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 229 patients undergoing in-hospital rehabilitation after brain damage.
  • Comprehensive evaluation including EFR assessment, patient profiles, communication ability, intelligence test scores, primitive reflex testing, and personality parameters.

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Main Results:

  • EFR was significantly more pronounced in patients with bilateral lesions or paresis compared to unilateral cases.
  • Patients with frontal lobe involvement exhibited significantly more marked EFR.
  • EFR occurred more frequently with lower intelligence scores and more pronounced primitive reflexes, particularly the grasp reflex.

Conclusions:

  • The elbow flexion response (EFR) is strongly associated with intelligence and frontal lobe lesions.
  • EFR presentation parallels that of primitive reflexes, suggesting it may be a proximal variation of the grasp reflex.