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Body size and chronic acceleration.

G C Pitts1

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. USA.

Life Sciences and Space Research
|January 1, 1977
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Body composition changes under altered gravity (G-force) were studied in animals and humans. Fat-free body mass (FFBM) predictably changed with G-force, with skeletal muscle, liver, and heart being key contributors.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Gravitational Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Understanding how body composition adapts to varying gravitational forces is crucial for space exploration and terrestrial research.
  • Previous studies indicate that body fat is highly adaptable, but the response of fat-free mass components requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between acceleration (G-force) and body composition in mammals.
  • To identify specific components of fat-free body mass (FFBM) that are affected by changes in G-force.
  • To compare the effects of altered gravity on FFBM across different species, including humans.

Main Methods:

  • Body composition was analyzed in mice and rats exposed to controlled acceleration levels ranging from 1 to 4.7 G.
  • Nine components of FFBM were quantified to assess their contribution to G-force-induced changes.
  • Ratios of body water to FFBM were calculated.
  • Data from mice, rats, monkeys, and humans (across different G-force exposures) were compiled and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Fat-free body mass (FFBM) demonstrated a predictable relationship with G-force.
  • Skeletal muscle, liver, and heart were identified as the primary contributors to FFBM changes under altered G-force.
  • The ratio of body water to FFBM remained constant and independent of G-force.
  • When normalized to 1 G controls, FFBM exhibited a peak at 1 G across species, suggesting an optimal gravitational environment for FFBM maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • G-force significantly influences body composition, particularly FFBM, with specific organs and tissues showing differential responses.
  • The observed maximum FFBM at 1 G suggests a potential gravitational optimum for mammalian body composition.
  • Further research should explore the influence of factors like body size and age on these gravitational effects on body composition.