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Anthelmintics: a review.

J K Grover1, V Vats, G Uppal

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029. jkgrover@hotmail.com

Tropical Gastroenterology : Official Journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
|April 20, 2002
PubMed
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New anthelmintic drugs offer safe and effective treatments for helminth infections affecting 25% of the global population. This review evaluates current drug efficacy, adverse effects, and strategies to prevent drug resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Helminth infections impact 25% of the global population, particularly in developing countries, leading to co-morbidities like anemia and malnutrition.
  • Older anthelmintic drugs had significant drawbacks, including hepatotoxicity and inconvenient treatment regimens (e.g., fasting, purging).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of currently available anthelmintic drugs.
  • To discuss strategies for preventing the development of anthelmintic drug resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on anthelmintic drug development and clinical use.
  • Analysis of drug efficacy data and reported adverse effects for various helminth infections.
  • Examination of parasite identification methods, such as stool examination, guiding targeted drug selection.

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Main Results:

  • Development of specific, safe, and effective anthelmintic drugs like benzimidazoles, avermectins, and praziquantel over the last 50 years.
  • High cure rates reported for specific drugs: thiabendazole (98% for cutaneous larva migrans), mebendazole (76-95% for ascariasis, trichiuriasis, hookworm), and praziquantel (96% for schistosomiasis).
  • Many modern anthelmintics exhibit broad-spectrum activity and improved tolerability compared to older agents.

Conclusions:

  • Modern anthelmintic therapies have significantly improved treatment outcomes for helminthiasis.
  • Rational drug selection based on parasite identification enhances treatment efficacy.
  • Proactive measures are crucial to mitigate the growing threat of anthelmintic drug resistance.